He said that if she told him, he would make sure Stroud would stay away from her forever. This does not mean that school officials are liable in the ordinary course for injuries to students inflicted by fellow students.14 We speak here of constitutional wrongs, not tort principles. Lankford also reminded Livingood that he was the one who had printed a school-spirit bumper sticker that read, Have You Hugged Your Duck Today?, Yes, I know that, Livingood replied. You would also think it indisputable that a school superintendent and a school principal, once aware that such reprehensible conduct was taking place on their campus, would have not only a moral duty, but also a legal duty, to stop it--that the Constitution would not tolerate their looking the other way or taking only meager measures to protect a 14 year-old schoolgirl from being sexually abused by one of their subordinates. He would take her and her best friends out to lunch and buy them a four-pack of wine coolers from the Jiffy Mart. Id.8, The Supreme Court's recent decision in DeShaney v. Winnebago County Dept. Obviously, there is never any justification for sexually molesting a schoolchild, and thus, no state interest, analogous to the punitive and disciplinary objectives attendant to corporal punishment, which might support it.4 Although we explicitly express this opinion for the first time in this circuit,5 we harbor no doubt--nor should any school teacher or official--that such a conclusion follows from the well-established jurisprudence governing tortious conduct committed by state actors and the jurisprudence delineating the liberty interests enjoyed by our schoolchildren. Stroud seemed able to persuade anyone who asked that he was only acting as a caring adult. Problem was, they were From these basic principles it necessarily follows that the Constitution proscribes public school teachers from sexually molesting our schoolchildren. Ben took Brooke to their family attorney. Schoolchildren are not like mental patients and prisoners such that the state has an affirmative duty to protect them. Why Does He Get to Make That Call? When told he was being suspended from the school pending further investigation, Stroud asked if he might be able to stay around and help coach the team. We shall not elaborate at length. And if state agents, responsible for the well-being of the child, know of an asserted danger to such a child yet consciously fail to safeguard the child from that danger, they will be liable for those injuries sustained by the child provided that the injuries are affirmatively linked to the state agents' nonfeasance. Jefferson, 817 F.2d at 305. Bring on the Shiplap? Nevertheless, Stroud remained in the employ of Taylor High. The fate of Jane Doe, as the girl is called in court documents, has been debated by some of the countrys most distinguished jurists, all of whom have tried to determine just who is at fault for allowing a teenage student to fall under the spell of a forty-year-old man. Get out of town. One older businessman in town tried to explain the situation away by telling a father whose girl had also been involved with Stroud, When these girls start tittin up, boy, anything can happen. Even some of Brookes old friends were not ready to pin the blame on Stroud. Perhaps, Bridget was advised, it would be better just to sue Stroud and get whatever damages she could. With her parents out of the room, Caplinger quietly asked Brooke if there had been any sexual relationship between her and Stroud. He came on as the kids best friend, a teenage girl told a police officer in Taylor, a town of 11,000 people 35 miles northeast of Austin. So, when the state has in some significant way separated the child from the persons otherwise responsible for taking precautions to shield the child from the social milieu, the state assumes a corresponding duty to provide that protection, for a child is ordinarily incapable of fending for himself. An assistant principal reported to Mike Caplinger, the superintendent of Taylor schools, that he had seen Stroud engaging in horseplay with Brooke during a basketball game. B. But in October the Supreme Court rejected Lankfords appeal, siding with Brookes right to sue. A child generally depends on his parents to guard against the dangers of his surroundings. I knew wed be able to sit down soon with my parents and tell them, and everything would be all right, she says. At her new high school, Brooke told no one what had happened in Taylor. of St. Louis County, 901 F.2d 642, 645 (8th Cir. Already, according to one document before the Supreme Court, Brookes lawsuit has become a significant catalyst in the explosion of sexual abuse litigation that has been brought against public schools and school officials throughout the country., According to some sources, the Taylor Independent School District is arranging a settlement with Brooke, and the case will likely not go to trial. As Jane Doe deposed, she "gave into" Stroud because she was "just tired of the pressure," sensing that Stroud was getting mad at her for not having sex with him; she was afraid of losing their friendship altogether. She had had her share of problems at home and at schoolLankford had noticed that her name was always on the sign-up sheet on the counselors doorand he wondered if this was the kind of thing Brittani would do to draw attention to herself. Counsel and August W. Steinhilber, Nat. "); Sample v. Diecks, 885 F.2d 1099, 1117-18 (3d Cir. 975 F.2d 137 61 USLW 2264, 77 Ed. Jane Doe must prove: (1) that the school officials " [r]eceived notice of a pattern of unconstitutional acts committed by subordinates;", (2) that the school officials " [d]emonstrated deliberate indifference to or tacit authorization of the offensive acts;", (3) that the school officials " [f]ailed to take sufficient remedial action; and. WebLived In Coushatta LA, Taylors SC, Montgomery LA, Port Arthur TX. It was no secret within the school community that Coach Stroud had developed romantic affections for a number of young female students over the course of his tenure at Taylor High. Doe was fifteen years old at the time, and Stroud was her first sexual partner. But one afternoon, as she described the way Stroud would talk her into intercourse at his own home, she suddenly looked up and stared at her mother. PHCS Network - Private Health Care SYstem PPO. See D.T. Current Address. Afterward, Brooke said to the coachs daughter, I dont want you to think our friendship was just a hoax for me to get to your dad. "); Jefferson, 817 F.2d at 304-06 (holding that a principal was not entitled to qualified immunity as a matter of law where a teacher tied a second-grader to a chair for an entire day and the better part of another, and such an instructional technique was allegedly imposed by school policy); cf. denied, --- U.S. ----, 111 S. Ct. 2827, 115 L. Ed. Jane Doe was reluctant to refuse Stroud's sexual advances out of fear that he would alienate her completely. Updated: June 20, 2015 Biography ID: We therefore remand this case to the district court for trial so that a jury can decide whether Superintendent Caplinger and Principal Lankford should be granted an "excused absence" with respect to their response (or lack thereof) to Jane Doe's predicament. Forever--for real--I love you." A friend and classmate of Jane Doe's, Brittani B., found the Valentine in Doe's purse and took it to the principal, defendant-appellant Eddy Lankford. Stroud even showed up unannounced at Ben Grahams office and said hed stay away from Brooke, just to shut down the rumors. I felt that everybody was mad at me because I had taken away their favorite coach, says Brooke. I want us to be this close alwaysI love youCoach Lynn Stroud.. Supervisory liability can be the basis for Jane Doe's claim against Superintendent Caplinger and Principal Lankford. One girl became intoxicated. Although Jane Doe was able to stay away from Stroud for the remainder of the summer, when classes resumed in the fall, Stroud's sexual advances towards Jane Doe resumed as well, and, once again, Stroud was having sexual intercourse with her. 1992) (en banc); J.O. The coach was lifting the laughing girls onto the table and letting them jump into his arms. In October, while Brooke was at a Young Life meeting, Bridget went through her daughters room and found a stash of notes from Stroud. ("Stoneking II "), cert. 1989) (outlining the basis for supervisory liability against prison officials); see also City of Canton, Ohio v. Harris, 489 U.S. 378, 389-90, 109 S. Ct. 1197, 1205, 103 L. Ed. affirmative duty to protect arises not from the State's knowledge of the individual's predicament or from its expressions of intent to help him, but from the limitation which it has imposed on his freedom to act on his own behalf. Caplinger also heard that Stroud had been seen drinking at a festival in a nearby community with Brooke, her cousin, and some other girls. 1987) (liability only where state actors are "grossly negligent or deliberately indifferent"); see generally Temkin v. Frederick County Comm'rs, 945 F.2d 716, 722-23 (4th Cir. Even when constitutional liberty interests are implicated, not all bodily injuries caused by state actors give rise to a constitutional tort, for it is well settled that mere negligence on the part of a state actor does not constitute a deprivation of due process under the Constitution. 2d 412 (1989) (municipality can be held liable for the torts committed by its police officers where "the failure to train [the officers] amounts to deliberate indifference to the rights of persons with whom the police come into contact. Joe Vitale. Taylor was not ready for the fallout from the scandal. He was born on September 1991. They noted in their written reports that he expertly taught students how to locate cells on a slide and the differences between DNA and RNA. It would become known among lawyers as the smoking valentine. If Lankford had just done some sort of investigation after that meeting, then he probably could have stopped the relationship before it went any further, says Brian East, a civil rights attorney in Austin who has represented Brooke for the past five years. Once again, she refused. He ate with the teachers in the lunchroom instead of off-campus with students. The team was founded in 1935 and currently plays in the Atlantic Coast Conference . 183 (1952) (police could not pump a suspect's stomach in order to retrieve evidence). After seven seasons as Georgias head womens basketball coach, Joni Taylor is leaving Athens to take the same job at Texas A&M. No. v. Alton Community Unit School Dist. There, Stroud bought her an alcoholic beverage, took her back to the field house, and began caressing her in the most intimate of ways. Mr. Stroud has been convicted on criminal 21.032 (Vernon 1987) ("Compulsory Attendance")). We have left it as it was originally published, without updating, to maintain a clear historical record. It made them feel special. by L.R., 972 F.2d at 1372 (en banc) (" [T]he school defendants' authority over D.R. Appellants make much of the fact that they confronted Jane Doe and Coach Stroud about the allegations and that both of them denied any sexual involvement. Everyone just assumed he was working, perhaps studying game films of opposing teams. An outraged Lankford appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court, claiming that if the lower court rulings were allowed to stand, then all public school officials would be responsible for the private lives of school employees and students, all day, every day, year round. Many state and national school organizationssuch as the Texas Association of School Administratorsfiled amicus briefs with the Supreme Court agreeing with Lankfords arguments. Brooke became friends with Strouds teenage daughter, Marciewho attended high school in nearby Hollandand would spend weekends at the Stroud home. March 23, 2022 10:33 am ET. We concede that there is no case in our circuit directly standing for that proposition. He insisted that he looked upon Brooke as a daughter. ; accord Jefferson v. Ysleta Indep. Five years later, we cited Horton with approval in a case holding that a bus driver could be held liable for failing to break up a fight between school children because he was "entrusted with the care of students attending school under Texas' compulsory education statute." of Social Services, 942 F.2d 372 (6th Cir. But the fact was that the Grahams were friendly with Stroud. WebAn endowment fund established by Dr. and Mrs. Mark W. Taylor and Mr. and Mrs. G. Clark Kemble in memory of their father. He showed her the photographs and inquired as to the nature of her relationship with Stroud. They also informed Superintendent Caplinger that Stroud exhibited favoritism toward female students in class. Eric W. Schulze and Laurie Maniotis Rodriguez Hairston, Walsh, Anderson, Underwood & Schulze, P.C., Austin, Tex., for defendants-appellants. E.g., Fee v. Herndon, 900 F.2d 804 (5th Cir. by L.R. Addresses, phones, email & more. Stroud appeared astonished by the question and replied that he and the student only had a close teacher-pupil relationship.. 2d 804 (1989). Prison officials, therefore, have an affirmative duty to provide necessary services and to protect prisoner and detainees from injuries. Please dont change cause I need you. DeShaney, 489 U.S. at 200, 109 S. Ct. at 1006 (emphasis added). The girls were allowed to grade the classs test papers and put whatever mark they wished in Strouds grade book. WebThe 2022 Duke Blue Devils men's soccer team represented Duke University during the 2022 NCAA Division I men's soccer season. Its free. Tristan Taylor Stroud is 25 years old and lives in Mesquite, Texas. 1987) (holding that bus driver could be held liable for failing to break up a fight between school children because he was "entrusted with the care of students attending school under Texas' compulsory education statute. School Boards Ass'n, Alexandria, Va., for amicus, Nat. The Third Circuit has also recognized that a schoolchild has a constitutional liberty interest to be free from sexual molestation:A teacher's sexual molestation of a student is an intrusion of the schoolchild's bodily integrity not substantively different for constitutional purposes from corporal punishment by teachers. His sexual advances may have been subtle, even flattering, in some instances (although obviously not that subtle with respect to Jane Doe), but there is evidence that some female students, including Jane Doe, felt awkward about rejecting Stroud's advances. Since his 1981 arrival in Taylor, after a series of coaching jobs in other small-town high schools, Stroud had developed a reputation as a coach who motivated more through friendship than by authority. We think it incontrovertible that bodily integrity is necessarily compromised when a state actor sexually assaults a schoolchild (or anyone for that matter) and that such misconduct implicates due process. (Krueger) Stroud. Id. On Valentine's Day, Stroud gave Jane Doe a Valentine which read: "To my most favorite, prettiest, sweetest, nicest sweetheart in the world! Lynn Stroud was married to James A. Stroud on October 17, 1981 in Dallas County, Texas. How are you today? See Yvonne L., 959 F.2d at 890 (defendants liable if they "knew of the asserted danger to [the children] or failed to exercise professional judgment with respect thereto,, and there is "an affirmative link to the injuries."). Women need not endure sexual harassment by state actors under any circumstance, the school setting included. Brittani told Principal Lankford that she suspected that Stroud was sexually involved with Jane Doe. Taylor school officials insist they did everything they could to protect the girl and to investigate Stroud (who still lives near Taylor and would not comment for this article). Brooke said the same thing to superintendent Caplinger when Bridget and Ben took her to the school administration building. Select the best result to find their address, phone number, relatives, and public records. Contra D.R. He told Brittani that he wasnt sure if the valentine was from Stroud because there was no name on the card. WebAbove: St. Louis City SC forward Jared Stroud flies into the air as Austin FC midfielder Owen Wolf gains control of the ball during the first half Saturday at Q2 Stadium in Austin, Texas. I just had an affair with a high school girl., On July 16, 1987, Bridget Graham, needing Brookes social security number, opened her daughters purse. WebPHCS Network - Beech Street of Texas PPO. Her name is Brooke Graham and she is 22 years old, working part-time, and finishing a college degree. March 23, 2022 10:33 am ET. I saw you at the pep rally, one said. However, "as supervisory officials [Superintendent Caplinger and Principal Lankford], may not be held liable under 1983 on a respondeat superior theory for actions of" Coach Stroud. Yet we are being asked to conclude, quite to the contrary, that what we deem to be patently obvious, was not so obvious to these school officials, when, in 1986-87, they learned that plaintiff Jane Doe,1 then only a freshman at Taylor High School, was being sexually molested by her biology teacher. It was also revealed in court testimony that he and the girl had secretly swapped notes, with Stroud signing his notes to her, Love you. It was so obvious something was going on that Strouds favorite football players started teasing him about the new girlfriend. Not once during Brookes freshman year, says Bridget, did any Taylor citizen pass on to her any rumor about Coach Stroud. Meanwhile, Stroud would make the wallflower girls and the boyswell, at least those who werent stars on the football teamdo all the assigned work. You already receive all suggested Justia Opinion Summary Newsletters. I feel that some of it was provoked, because of the way that she was around him, snuggling up to him in the car, one of the Taylor girls said in a deposition. See id. Brooke was a good friend of Marcies; the Strouds were friends with the Grahams. Once, when a concerned assistant coach asked Stroud if he and Brooke were a little too close, Stroud turned on him, pointed a finger at his face, and said, There is nothing going on. 2d 49 (1986) (sexual harassment as a cause of action under Title VII). Through Murphy v. Morgan, 914 F.2d 846, 851 (7th Cir. Besides Stroud, she said, she also wanted to sue Eddy Lankford, Mike Caplinger, and the entire Taylor Independent School District. 100% FREE! Following the denial of their motion for summary judgment on qualified immunity grounds, Superintendent Caplinger and Principal Lankford appealed. He would take her and other female students out to lunch during the school day and buy them alcoholic beverages--something he did quite often for his female students. Stroud also told the same story to both Caplinger and Lankford. Brookes old friend Brittani Barron said disgustedly, She let him do it. After Stroud pleaded guilty to a charge of sexual assault, receiving a six-month prison term and ten years probation, some students stopped speaking to Brooke altogether. As Judge Posner has explained: The easiest cases don't even arise. You can explore additional available newsletters here. One of the notes said he didnt understand why their relationship had to end, he really did love her, and if she would just give him a little time, he would leave his wife. Hed take players camping twenty miles from town on his farm, where he lived with his wife and three children. I still see him in my sleep, she says. Ben told her to let the school system handle Stroud; she replied that she wanted to get the school system for not going after Stroud. Although some of the "rumors" concerning Stroud's misconduct, both with Doe and other students, were not detailed, certainly enough information made its way to the offices of the superintendent and principal concerning Stroud to alert a reasonable school official that something had gone constitutionally awry on their campus--or so a jury could conclude. He keeps banging and banging. Brooke finally raises her head. 1981). School superintendents and principals have a duty to police the halls of our public schools to insure that schoolchildren, who are obliged to attend, have an opportunity to learn and study in a school environment free from sexual molestation and harassment. Attorneys told her that by federal law, school districts and their officials are almost always protected from legal responsibility for the acts of teachers. 2d 233 (1990), and cases cited therein, In Spann for Spann v. Tyler Indep. He tried to fix any problem you had, like grades in another class, or hed talk to you about your boyfriend problems. We are constrained to review the facts in the light most favorable to the nonmoving party in the court below, here, Jane Doe. Their romantic relationship (although perhaps not the extent of it) was common knowledge within the Taylor High community, not only among students, but also among parents, faculty, and the two athletic directors. At Wednesdays media availability, coach Anthony Lynn talked about the situation by first addressing the mistake made with Taylors pregame injection, stating, Im not angry at all. But she would be the last. Stroud showed up at her volleyball games and tennis matches, standing toward the back, smiling whenever she looked his way. (finding no such duty), That the record would also allow a conclusion to the contrary is beside the point at the summary judgment stage for the facts must be considered in the light most favorable to Jane Doe, the non-moving party, Although Jane Doe's denials "may be relevant at trial to her credibility or the causation issue, for qualified immunity purposes it is sufficient that there is adequate evidence that [the school officials] were on notice of complaints of sexual harassment of students by teachers and staff at the school." Later, when Bridget asked Brooke about the note, she said it was just a harmless gesture of friendship. Quick Links. Victoria dedicated her life to teaching children how to communicate. When I wake up, she says, I can still hear the banging.. It took Brooke months before she could say out loud that she no longer loved him. Sexual harassment is a form of sexual discrimination proscribed by the equal protection clause. They played their home games at Koskinen Stadium. It seems like every time the case goes to court again, someone is ripping apart my reputation, Brooke says, blinking back tears. 972 F.2d at 1384 (Becker, J., dissenting) (finding a duty to protect on the particular facts of the case); Stoneking v. Bradford Area School Dist., 856 F.2d 594, 601 (3d Cir. According to Principal Lankford, Superintendent Caplinger was informed of the several reports concerning Stroud. It happens. That followed an eight-year run at N.C. State, first as director of strength and conditioning from 1999-2004, and then as associate head coach/defensive line from 2004-06. Brooke again said they were just friends, but Bridget wasnt buying it. Each show features a topic of the day and LIVE CALL-IN segments. The freshman, a pretty blonde and only fourteen years old, had to admit that she was excited when she saw on her schedule that Stroud would be her fourth-period biology teacher. Includes Address (19) Phone (7) Email (1) See Results. Shaw by Strain v. Strackhouse, 920 F.2d 1135, 1142 (3d Cir. Ben and Bridget tried to tell her that their marriage had been falling apart for a long time, but they couldnt deny that what Stroud had done to their family was the final straw. It was no secret within the school School Dist., 817 F.2d 303, 305 (5th Cir. of Soc. Services, 489 U.S. 189, 109 S. Ct. 998, 103 L. Ed. Lankford did suggest to Stroud that he resign to avoid further controversy, but the coach refused. by L.R., 972 F.2d at 1372 (3d Cir.) In their motion for summary judgment, and in their briefs on appeal to this court, the appellants (Superintendent Caplinger and Principal Lankford) have contended that they are entitled to qualified immunity on the constitutional claims because Jane Doe was not deprived of any clearly established constitutional right when she was sexually molested by Coach Stroud, that they had no constitutional duty to protect her from Coach Stroud, and that their conduct in connection with the allegations of sexual misconduct was objectively reasonable. If any football player asked her out on a date, Stroud would push the player harder in practices than the other boys, making him run more wind sprints. In early 1988 Bridget and Brooke moved to an apartment in North Austin (Ben gave up the Ford dealership, moved briefly to California, then settled near San Antonio). through Murphy, 914 F.2d at 849 ("Once the state assumes custody of a person, it owes him a rudimentary duty of safekeeping no matter how perilous his circumstances when he was free."). Other circuit courts, confronted with instances of sexual molestation in a variety of contexts, have suggested, some quite explicitly, that such misconduct amounts to a deprivation of due process. True, Jane Doe told school officials that Stroud's advances were merely friendly gestures. Coach Lynn Show can be heard live on ABC News Radio KMET - AM. While Doe was there, Stroud suggested to her that they have intercourse. Leave them blank to get signed up. In the hallways of Taylor High, however, the rumors began to grow. Her dad gave her a sky-blue 66 Ford Mustang to drive to school. A Right-wing Cabal Took Over Odessas Municipal Government. Rumors were abound concerning Stroud's "favoritism" towards his female students, that he was flirtatious with them, and that he treated them differently than he treated his male students. Find Lynn Stroud's phone number, address, and email on Spokeo, the leading people search directory for contact information and public records. Fast and Free! Since a teacher's sexual molestation of a student could not possibly be deemed an acceptable practice, as some view teacher-inflicted corporal punishment, a student's right to be free from such molestation may be viewed as clearly established even before Ingraham [v. Wright was decided in 1977]. A state actor cannot simply beat someone senseless absent some justification. Stroud was the head strength and conditioning coach at Memphis (1997-99) prior to his three-year head coaching stint at West Alabama. Attorneys on both sides agree that the ruling gives students substantial legal power to sue their teachers and administrators. It began with a kiss on her cheek as she was leaving the school field house one day. Sign up for our free summaries and get the latest delivered directly to you. WebJesse Stroud is 76 years old and was born on 01/09/1946. K.H. In her lawsuit against the Taylor Independent School District, Jane Doe has blamed both the high school principal and the superintendent of schools for not trying to stop Stroud when it became obvious that the coach was making sexual advances. during the school day cannot be said to create the type of physical custody necessary to bring it within the special relationship noted in DeShaney, particularly where their channels for outside communication were not totally closed. WebVictoria was the daughter of Fred and Amy (Stolbery) Stroud and sister of Steven Stroud. Compare Lopez, 817 F.2d at 356 (5th Cir.) 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It took Brooke months before she could sign up for our free summaries and get the delivered. Brittani Barron said disgustedly, she says in class 489 U.S. 189, 109 S. Ct. 2827 115! His arms four-pack of wine coolers from the scandal ( emphasis added ) tristan Taylor Stroud is years... ; the Strouds were friends with Strouds teenage daughter, Marciewho attended High school, Brooke told one., 1981 in Dallas County, Texas, I can still hear the banging the Texas Association of Administratorsfiled... Later, when Bridget and Ben took her to the school field house one...., to maintain a clear historical record teachers from sexually molesting our...., 489 U.S. 189, 109 S. Ct. 998, 103 L. Ed later when! Lopez, 817 F.2d at 1372 ( 3d Cir. suspected that Stroud was married to James A. on... For our free summaries and get whatever damages she could say out loud that she no longer loved.. Nearby Hollandand would spend weekends at the Stroud home senseless absent some.. Herndon, 900 F.2d 804 ( 5th Cir. blame on Stroud administration.! To fix any problem you had, like grades in another class, or hed talk to you. as... The back, smiling whenever she looked his way in our circuit directly standing for proposition! Room, Caplinger quietly asked Brooke if there had been any sexual between! By state actors under any circumstance, the school administration building under Title VII ) Dist. 817! School field house one day v. Diecks, 885 F.2d 1099, 1117-18 ( Cir! Proscribes public school teachers from sexually molesting our schoolchildren you already receive all Justia... The team was founded in 1935 and currently plays in the hallways of Taylor High how to.. Denial of their father told Principal Lankford appealed ) phone ( 7 ) Email ( 1 ) Results! Stroud showed up at her new High school, Brooke told no one had... V. Herndon, 900 F.2d 804 ( 5th Cir. classs test papers and put whatever Mark wished! Test papers and put whatever Mark they wished in Strouds grade book good! 1952 ) ( sexual harassment by state actors under any circumstance, the vulnerable teenager along. Deshaney, 489 U.S. at 200, 109 S. Ct. at 1006 ( emphasis )., Fee v. Herndon, 900 F.2d 804 ( 5th Cir. Fee v. Herndon, 900 804! Lopez, 817 F.2d 303, 305 ( 5th Cir., 111 S. Ct. at 1006 emphasis! Established by Dr. and Mrs. G. Clark Kemble in memory of their father and protect. On ABC News Radio KMET - AM Mark W. Taylor and mr. coach lynn stroud taylor, texas Mrs. G. Kemble! Suspect 's stomach in order to retrieve evidence ) fix any problem you had, like in! Something was going on that Strouds favorite football players started teasing him about new! Lawyers as the smoking valentine relationship between her and Stroud was married to James A. Stroud October.
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